What does DNA protein kinase do?
The DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) plays a critical role in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair and in V(D)J recombination. DNA-PK also plays a very important role in triggering apoptosis in response to severe DNA damage or critically shortened telomeres.
What is DNA-PK inhibitor?
Thus, far, DNA-PK inhibitors have focused on potentiating DNA damage through inhibition of its kinase function, thereby blocking phosphorylation of key enzymes involved in DNA repair.
What are CHK1 and CHK2?
CHK1 and CHK2 are both activated upon DNA damage and can regulate cell division. CHK1 activity has been mostly implicated in the intra-S phase cell cycle checkpoint and the G2–M transition19. In contrast, CHK2 activity is associated with G1–S and G2–M arrests. CHK1 and CHK2 regulate different cell cycle proteins.
How do Chk1 inhibitors work?
Chk1 inhibition regulates Chk1 phosphorylation. In DNA damage response, Chk1 arrests cell cycle progression following genotoxic stress and stalled replication to prevent the entry of cells with damaged DNA into mitosis [11].
Do protein kinases bind to DNA?
The DNA-dependent protein kinase interacts with DNA to form a protein-DNA complex that is disrupted by phosphorylation. Biochemistry.
What protein must be present to activate the kinases?
Caspase-3 cleaves the ROCK1 protein leading to activation of its constitutive kinase activity. The ROCK1 protein is involved in membrane blebbing at the time of apoptosis.
What are 53BP1 foci?
Several observations suggest that the 53BP1 foci represent sites of DNA DSB processing. First, 53BP1 foci were induced by agents that cause DNA DSBs, but not by agents that cause DNA damage other than DSBs or by agents that block DNA replication.
What is ATR in DNA?
ATR is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase that is involved in sensing DNA damage and activating the DNA damage checkpoint, leading to cell cycle arrest in eukaryotes. ATR is activated in response to persistent single-stranded DNA, which is a common intermediate formed during DNA damage detection and repair.