What are the side effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors?
Side Effects of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI) Therapy
- Nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.
- Muscle cramps and bone pain.
- Fatigue.
- Rashes.
What are target kinase inhibitors?
These kinase inhibitors include target kinome members such as EGFR, ERBB2, VEGFRs, Kit, PDGFRs, ABL, SRC and mTOR, all providing improved clinical outcome and patient health status [4, 20].
Is kinase inhibitor a small molecule?
As a result, kinase inhibitors are today one of the most important classes of drugs. The FDA approved 73 small molecule kinase inhibitor drugs until September 2021, and additional inhibitors were approved by other regulatory agencies during that time.
Does TKI cause hair loss?
Changes of the hair can arise following cures with TKI. Nilotinib, a second-generation TKI, has been responsible for various cutaneous side effects including different clinical presentations of alopecia (scarring and nonscarring forms).
How do small molecule inhibitors work?
Certain small molecule inhibitors bind to multiple molecular targets including cell surface receptors and other intracellular proteins thus increasing the risk of toxicity [103].
What is the Vilsmeier reaction?
The Vilsmeier Reaction allows the formylation of electron-rich arenes. The formylating agent, also known as the Vilsmeyer-Haack Reagent, is formed in situ from DMF and phosphorus oxychlorid: An electrophilic aromatic substitution leads to α-chloro amines, which are rapidly hydrolyzed during work up to give the aldehyde:
What is the Vilsmeier Haack reaction for ditelluretane?
Vilsmeier–Haack reaction on the crude ditelluretane 90 furnishes dialdehydes 27 and 92 in 10% yield. 1,3-Ditelluretanes 27 and 92 can be transformed into other derivatives, as shown in Scheme 28. An E / Z mixture of 27 and 92 condenses smoothly with phosphorane to give diester product 93.
What is the mechanism of the vilsmeyer Haak reaction?
Mechanism of the Vilsmeier-Haak Reaction. The formylating agent, also known as the Vilsmeyer-Haack Reagent, is formed in situ from DMF and phosphorus oxychlorid: An electrophilic aromatic substitution leads to α-chloro amines, which are rapidly hydrolyzed during work up to give the aldehyde: